The logic power of computers and even micro-controllers today is mind boggling,
but even more amazing to me is that all of the functions (every one)
of the biggest computer can be shown in terms of one simple logic gate:
The NAND. Every part even Memory: From
the BIT to the Giga Byte, Math: From the most basic
Addition to the most complex Floating Point calculation,
Decision making: If not real reasoning, Input and Output
are all built from this one tiny and very simple atomic unit of logic!
In these pages my son Remy and I will start to show you how computers actually
work and how simple (and complex) they really are.
Contents
How a very simple little "gate" or elemental bit of
logic is the basis of all computing. It's just Not this AND that.
Also:
This series makes use of a program written by Andreas Tetzl of
tetzl.de that makes the NAND gate, and
the things we build from it, come alive on your screen. It is called
LogicSim and it is a digital logic
simulator that can work from a web
page. If we did not have LogicSim, we could only tell you how it all works
and could not show you. To use LogicSim, you must have
Javatm from Sun Micro systems. You can check if you have
Java on their web page at
java.com. Look for the "Do
I have Java?" link. Once you have Java, you may need to
enable it
in your browser. For Google Chrome, see the CheerpJ Applet Runner
See also:
-
https://circuitverse.org/simulator
Very nice online logic simulator. Must register to use, but free.+
-
https://www.peterhigginson.co.uk/
Scroll down and follow the links to find 3 different levels of processor simulators which operate online and books to learn how they work. A very small "Little Man" (hard to find) with 16 instruction, a RISC ARM and a full ARM simulator. Very well done.+
-
http://8bitworkshop.com/v3.3.0/?platform=verilog&file=clock_divider.v
Emulates FPGAs, with many examples, including complete CPUs and older game systems, all in the browser. You can code on the left and see the results on the right.+
-
https://hdlbits.01xz.net/wiki/Main_Page Learn the Verilog
language for Digital Logic via a series of puzzles. You can login to keep
your scores and share your progress.+
-
http://nandgame.com/ From NAND to
CPU.+
-
https://www.robotodyssey.online/ FANTASTIC robot / logic
game with really crappy graphics. Use the mouse instead of the arrow keys,
click instead of spacebar. Still have to use "R", "S", "T" and "C" but it's
much easier with the mouse. Wonderful
work by
"scanlime" (Micah Elizabeth Scott)
https://github.com/scanlime/robot-odyssey-rewired
Source+
-
https://www.zybooks.com/catalog/digital-design/
A "digital book" with interactive lessons (and less text).
-
https://eater.net/8bit/ Brilliant series with many videos
to show each part as it's built on a breadboard.
-
http://hackaday.com/2016/03/25/crawl-walk-run-a-starter-cpu/
+
-
http://labs.domipheus.com/blog/designing-a-cpu-in-vhdl-part-1-rationale-tools-method/
Designing a CPU in VHDL+
-
http://hackaday.com/2016/03/16/crawl-walk-run-planning-your-first-cpu-design/
+
-
https://hackaday.io/project/9795-nedonand-homebrew-computer
Computer made entirely from NAND TTL chips.+
-
http://www.edaplayground.com/ Edit and test Verilog or
VHDL code in your browser.+
-
https://github.com/cesarares/Logic-Sim An HTML5 digital
logic simulator! Please consider supporting the translation of this tutorial
into the format of this new simulator.+
-
http://mikejmoffitt.com/wp/?p=238 Writing a software version
of a CPU to understand what is going on under the hood. Useful, but totally
misses the genius of how hardware accomplishes those
actions.+
-
http://www.ostracodfiles.com/basic/menu.html An 8 bit TTL
computer made from only 10 chips and an EEPROM. There are two registers (A
and B) and a PC. Amazingly enough, it can do useful work with only 2
instructions: MNZ will copy data from source to destination only if A register
is not zero. ADD will add source and A register then store the result in
destination.+
-
http://www.bigmessowires.com/category/nibbler/ A 4 bit
computer design entirely from 7400 series logic
chips.+
-
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1252290/Tic%20Tac%20toe.pdf Tic-Tac-Toe
game made from logic circuits.+
-
http://www.nand2tetris.org/ "The site contains all the
software tools and project materials necessary to build a general-purpose
computer system from the ground up. We also provide a set of lectures designed
to support a typical course on the subject."+
-
http://ygg-it.tripod.com/index.html A 4 bit computer from
discrete logic and an old ALU chip.+
-
http://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/applets/hades/webdemos/index.html
Another java based logic simulator.+
-
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-an-8-Bit-Computer/?ALLSTEPS
How to build a complete working 8 bit computer from basic logic and memory
chips. Not for the faint of heart, especially if you use a whiteboard as
does the author.+
-
http://www.saccade.com/writing/projects/CS428/WireWrap.html
Really nice page about a college project to build a calculator and then a
computer from TTL logic chips. This is back when people actually understood
how computers work ,o)+
-
http://ozark.hendrix.edu/~burch/logisim/
LogiSim (not LogicSim) is another very powerful logic simulator commonly
used for instructional purposes. It is somewhat less graphically appealing
than LogicSim.
-
http://ozark.hendrix.edu/~burch/socs/hymn/
-
http://www.sontrak.com Logic Friday
is a freeware tool for students, hobbyists, and engineers which allows them
to:
-
Enter a logic function as large as 16in x 16 outas a truth table, an equation,
or a gate diagram
-
Minimize a function quickly or exactly, compare functions, and generate new
functions as logical combinations of others
-
Automatically generate a multi-level minimized gate diagram using gates chosen
from a library
-
View any function as a truth table, equation, or gate diagram and trace the
state of each gate's outputs for a given input
-
Generate efficient, compact C code lookup functions from logic functions
-
Save functions and gate diagram images to files, export and import truth
tables as CSV files.
file: /Techref/logic/tutorial.htm, 13KB, , updated: 2022/1/30 18:49, local time: 2024/12/4 04:01,
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