with a 4Mhz Xtal, and the code that I use, I can
get 9600 baud Tx or Rx not both, because I'm not using interrupts to keep
the routine as simple as possible, you can include it almost in any program
with minor modifications, I know that here in the list are better ones but
this one is very simple :-).

Serial TX routine:
; *************************************************
; **               transmit routine              **
; **   W must have the data to be transmitted    **
; *************************************************
; Note: _tx is the bit used for transmit data, must be set as output.
;       baudrate is a constant see initialization.
;       you must declare as registers the follow: txreg, delay & count
;
send            movwf   txreg
                bcf     _tx             ;send start bit
                movlw   baudrate
                movwf   delay
                movlw   .9
                movwf   count
txbaudwait      decfsz  delay
                goto    txbaudwait
                movlw   baudrate
                movwf   delay
                decfsz  count
                goto    sendnextbit
                movlw   .9
                movwf   count
                bsf     _tx             ;send stop bit
                retlw   0
sendnextbit     rrf     txreg
                btfss   _c              ;check next bit to tx
                goto    setlo
                bsf     _tx             ;send a high bit
                goto    txbaudwait
setlo           bcf     _tx             ;send a low bit
                goto    txbaudwait
; end
; *********************************************
; **              Serial RX routine          **
; ** before call this one, delay = baudrate  **
; *********************************************
; same as below but _rx must be declared as pin, and configured as input.
; also declare rcreg as register
; count must have the value 9 before call this routine (needed only the
; first time you call it).
;
receive         btfsc   _rx
                goto    $-1
                movlw   baudrate
                movwf   delay
rxbaudwait      decfsz  delay
                goto    $-1
                movlw   baudrate
                movwf   delay
                decfsz  count
                goto    recvnextbit
                movlw   .9
                movwf   count
                retlw   0
recvnextbit     bcf     _c
                btfsc   _rx
                bsf     _c
                rrf     rcreg
                goto    rxbaudwait
;

Remember that when you call receive routine, it will keep looping until a
low state (start bit) can be detected, then it will get the 8 bits and
exit routine, if you are planning to receive many bytes, you must call this
one again, as much as characters to receive you are especting.

with some programming you can modify that to do other jobs in the mean time,
but keep in mind the timming factor, at 4Mhz and high baud rates it's very
critical!.

there is no parity check, only 8N1 format.

At the start of the program you must declare the follow:

;
; definitions...
;
count           equ             0x10
delay           equ             0x11
txreg           equ             0x12
rcreg           equ             0x13
;
clockrate       equ             .2000000   ;Xtal value (2Mhz in this case)
fclk            equ             clockrate/4
baudrate        equ             ((fclk/.2400)/3-2) ;2400 is the baud rate
;
;

for 4mhz clockrate must be .4000000, etc.
but remember that not all combinations work, you must done this calculation
by hand to make shure that the baudrate value will not be more than FF or
it won't work, in this case the value is : 2e6/4= 5e5/2400 = 208/3 = 69-2
=67.44\  , the value for the baudrate constant will be 67, remember
that if the decimal component is more that .5 you must round up the number
to avoid errors, also, the smaller value for baudrate, the higher posibility
of reception error, so if the number is bigger, will work better.

I hope that it can be useful for you, anyway if doesn't work write me and
i will try to help you...

see you.

   Leandro J. Laporta (LU2AOQ)     mail: lu2aoq@yahoo.com
 wrk: Arg. Assoc. for Space Tech.   ham: TCP/IP high speed group HSG

Code:

• I used your code as the base to do a 57600Bps transmitter. I had a 20Mhz Xtal and used a delay value (bitdelay) of 18 to get 57600Bps.
  I added a nop so that the start bit is the same length as the other bits and made the stop bit a low. I also had to add a delay of one bit length after the byte is sent to stop hyperterm from getting confused when the function is called repeatedly.
  To use simply call senddata with data in W and make sure you have bitdelay defined (18 in my case). Thanks Leandro for your above code. 
  Cheers -alex green 
   
  
  senddata
  	movwf   send
  	movlw   bitdelay
  	movwf   temp3
  	movlw   .9
  	movwf   count
  	bcf     portb,4             ;send start bit
  	nop				;even out bit times
  next	decfsz  temp3
  	goto    $ -1		
  	movlw   bitdelay		;rest of program is 9 instructions
  	movwf   temp3
  	decfsz  count
  	goto    sendnextbit
  	bcf     portb,4             ;send stop bit
  	movlw	  bitdelay		;Delay for line to settle 
  	movwf	  temp3		;Delay for line to settle 
        decfsz  temp3		;Delay for line to settle 
  	goto    $ -1		;Delay for line to settle 
  	bsf	  portb,4
  	decfsz  temp3
  	goto    $ -1
  	return
  sendnextbit     
  	rrf     send
  	btfss   status,c            ;check next bit to tx
  	goto    setlo
  	bsf     portb,4             ;send a high bit
  	goto    next
  setlo	bcf     portb,4             ;send a low bit
  	goto    next

  +

Questions:

• batigolafa@spam@ at SPAMyahoo.com asks:

  hi,
  your code seems fine to many applications but i've a question. What if i increase the clock speed to 8Mhz and during the rcx time i've to check a few I/O ports using btfss instructions.Does the UASRT pin works independently?

  James Newton replies: , +

  +

• sjismed@spam@ at SPAMyahoo.com asks:

  HELLo
  
  It is a pretty good code by the looks of it.. However I am new to assembly and I quite dont understand what _tx stand for and what u mean when u sate in the begining that "_tx is the bit used for transmit data, must be set as output"
  
  SID

  +

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